A Brief Look at the False Idea of the English Language as Perfect and Assignment

A Brief Look at the False Idea of the English Language as Perfect and Unchanging - Assignment Example The paper tells that man traveled the world and explored unvisited areas. Due to the lost connection with his ancestors, he invented a new language unknown to his ancestors to communicate with his partners. This way, different languages emerged in different areas all over the world. But every time a language was created in some area, the creators were influenced by nature and culture prevailing in that area. Different areas of the world are blessed by nature with different natural resources, weathers, and cultures. Other than fundamental human needs like air, water, food, and shelter, human needs vary from place to place. They are influenced by the social norms and trends prevailing in a particular area. These social trends and cultures vary not only from place to place but also from time to time. Every new era brings new inventions, trends, and cultures along with it. Old things keep being modified and new things keep being developed with the spread of knowledge and literature. Like wise, languages vary not only in different parts of the world but also different generations of a race. There are a lot of new-age inventions that young children are fully aware of and are completely unknown to their ancestors. Increase in development of industries and factories has opened employment opportunities for everybody which has led to urbanization. In the modern world, people need to be constantly inter-connected to keep up with the rapid changes in the dynamic mood of the modern world. Frequent communication among individuals is necessary in order to facilitate one another. That is why it is hard to imagine an individual not possessing a mobile in the today’s world. To facilitate frequent communication, new accents supporting quicker delivery of words have emerged. In addition to that, words have been modified/shortened in a way that would facilitate quick delivery and text writing. Various substitutes are universally known nowadays for words used in everyday langu age. Mobiles have made it very cheap and easy to communicate through text messages. In order to save time, slangs are used for words to cut-short the writing time. English is a universal language and is spoken nearly

The benefits and costs of increased trade integration between Essay

The benefits and costs of increased trade integration between countries depends on the relative importance of trade creation ver - Essay Example Most countries, both developed and developing countries have opened their economies with a view to take advantage of the existing opportunities. However, it is not clear whether the benefits and costs of increased trade integration between these countries depends on the relative importance of trade creation versus trade diversion, plus the dynamic gains from integration. The focus of this paper is to ascertain whether in light of the countries involved, the above connotation is true. Trade creation and trade diversion are two important components in increasing the rate of growth of world trade. They are also important components which help increase the benefits and costs of increased trade integration. Viner (2009) was the first researcher to introduce the terms â€Å"trade creation versus trade diversion† which became useful in analyzing custom unions and other trade related economics issues. Trade creation as envisaged by Viner (2009) refers to a situation in which two count ries operating within customs union start trading with each other whereas they formerly produced products in questions for themselves. In international economics terms, it implies that these countries move from autarky to trading with no tariffs on these goods while they both benefit. In trade creation the cost of goods in consideration decreases upon the economic union formation leading to increased efficiency of economic integration. This means that the essence of trade creation is to eliminate custom tariffs on the unifying state’s inner borders causing further decrease in the prices of goods (El-Agraa, 1981). On the other hand, trade diversion, occur whenever two countries start trading within the union (Institute for the integration of Latin America and the Caribbean, 2004). But formerly, these two countries imported the product or from outside the union. In this case, importing country had previously had same tariffs on other countries, but had opted to buy from outside the union because that was somewhat lower (Institute for the integration of Latin America and the Caribbean, 2004). The country then switches its purchases from its initial lowest price to the higher price country after the union. This eventually has a negative efficiency effect. Basically what this means is that trade diversion involves diverting trade flows from the actual cost-efficient partner countries to less efficient partner countries, which became an economic union member and made its products cheaper within the union but somewhat higher when compared to the other place in the world. Worth nothing is the fact that both trade diversion and trade creation effects occur because of formation of economic union. Currently, efficiency of economic integration of unions is assessed as the final outcome between trade diversion and trade creation effects (Irwin, 2006). Trade diversions as discussed involves creating free-trade areas, and is important in creating larger markets, which provide more completion as it creates increased access to raw materials (Institute for the integration of Latin America and the Caribbean, 2004). The happy ending will be the lower unit costs because firms can now gain economies of scale in this arrangement. From the point of view of consumers, greater choices and lower prices makes them happy too. On the other hand, in trade creation two countries involved reduce tariffs on their goods. It can also imply simplifying export or